Practical examples Projects

Schäfersee – Berlin

Schäfersee is the central reference site and the starting point for the development of Schäfersee-Verfahren®. This strongly urban water body has been impacted for decades by stormwater inflows. Over many years, anoxic conditions regularly developed in deep water, along with thick layers of putrefactive sludge and the formation of hydrogen sulfide and methane.

Treatment focuses specifically on the deeper water zone below around five metres. A pontoon-based system is used: deep water is withdrawn, enriched with oxygen, dosed with calcium nitrate and then returned in a targeted way to the impacted zone. Schäfersee therefore serves as the reference system in which the effectiveness and further development of Schäfersee-Verfahren® have been demonstrated over more than 10 years.

Project profile
Location: Berlin-Reinickendorf
Water body type: stratified urban lake
Surface area: approx. 4.5 ha
Max. depth: approx. 7 m
Catchment: > 240 ha, highly sealed
Treatment: since 2017
System type: pontoon-based system / hypolimnetic treatment

Fennsee – Berlin

Within the research project, Fennsee was the particularly difficult stormwater-impacted site. High organic loads from the catchment regularly caused oxygen depletion, low redox potentials, elevated ammonium formation and a clear odour problem due to hydrogen sulfide. The eastern basin was treated, while the western basin served as a comparison area.

One special feature of this site is the fully land-based stationary system: shoreline container, storage tank, control unit, online sensors and dosing equipment are all permanently installed. Monitoring data are recorded continuously and linked to the dosing process. This made it possible to monitor the water body precisely during operation and to control the treatment according to actual demand.

Project profile
Location: Berlin Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf
Water body type: urban shallow water body / stormwater-impacted water body
Structure: western and eastern basin
Treated area: eastern basin, approx. 300 m × 50 m
System type: stationary shoreline system
Control: online sensors, remote control, pulse dosing
Special feature: odour reduction during ongoing operation

Jröne Meerke – Neuss

Jröne Meerke is a former gravel pit lake with a predominantly shallow water body, but with a central depression reaching depths of around eight metres. Before the measures began, this deeper zone was regularly characterised by oxygen depletion, strong reducing conditions and hydrogen sulfide formation. Despite the comparatively small volume of deep water, the potential for internal release was considerable.

The stationary system was designed to introduce nitrate and oxygen specifically into the hypolimnion. Control is handled via a shoreline station with automatic data acquisition and remote access. This made it possible to stabilise the reducing conditions in the deep zone and to clearly reduce the summer destabilisation of the system.

Project profile
Location: Neuss
Water body type: former gravel pit lake
Max. depth: approx. 8 m
Hydrology: no natural inflow or outflow
Impact: anoxic hypolimnion, internal release, bird-related input
System type: stationary shoreline system / hypolimnetic injection
Control: online sensors, remote control, pulse dosing
Panketal project

Panketal – small stationary system

The Panketal site represents a special application case in several respects. It was here that a fully stationary installation of Schäfersee-Verfahren® was implemented for the first time. The technical equipment is installed on land and connected to the monitoring and injection points in the water body via underground pipelines. At a distance of around 100 metres, control cabinets house remote transmission, process control and dosing equipment. From there, monitoring data can be transmitted, operating conditions can be supervised and the addition of the required substances can be controlled remotely. This was the first time that a permanently automatable operating concept for Schäfersee-Verfahren® was realised.

At the same time, the water body itself represents an unusual case of application. With a depth of only about one and a half to two metres, it does not develop stable stratification and therefore no hypolimnion – exactly the lake compartment for which the method was originally developed. For that very reason, the key question here was whether the targeted addition of oxygen and nitrate in such a shallow, nutrient-rich water body could trigger unwanted eutrophication effects. Practical experience showed, however, that even small dosages effectively buffered oxygen demand, prevented reducing conditions and permanently suppressed the hydrogen sulfide formation that had previously occurred regularly. Algal development did not play a significant role.

Project profile
Location: Panketal
Water body type: small standing water body
Volume: approx. 1,500 m³
Special feature: small stationary system with remote transmission
Problem: strong putrefaction / hydrogen sulfide odour
Status: successfully in operation
System type: stationary shoreline system
Control: online sensors, remote control, pulse dosing
Waldsee project

Waldsee – Berlin-Hermsdorf

Waldsee in Berlin-Hermsdorf has been treated with Schäfersee-Verfahren® for several years. Even after prior sludge removal, reducing conditions continued to develop regularly in the upper sediment layer, especially during the summer months. Combined with pronounced algal growth, this repeatedly led in the past to critical situations, including fish kills.

The main cause is a high input of organic matter, for example from leaf fall and other biological material, which triggers intensive degradation processes in the sediment. The use of Schäfersee-Verfahren® has made it possible to stabilise these processes and to sustainably prevent negative developments in the sediment zone.

Project profile
Location: Berlin-Hermsdorf
Water body type: shallow urban water body
Max. depth: approx. 4 m
Pre-treatment: sludge removal
Problem: reducing sediment conditions, algae, fish kills
Status: long-term application
Control: online sensors, remote control
Goslar project

Goslar – Kahnteich and Judenteiche

In Goslar, Schäfersee-Verfahren® is being applied to several water bodies, including Kahnteich and the two Judenteiche. The system is located in the historic setting of the UNESCO World Heritage city of Goslar. For these water bodies, a controlled technical solution was developed and installed to enable continuous treatment and monitoring.

The project is still in ongoing operation. The aim is to suppress putrefaction and sludge decay processes and to permanently avoid the typical odour problems of such small, highly organic water bodies. Especially in shallow waters with large inputs of leaves and other organic material, intense degradation processes can develop in the sediment, leading to oxygen depletion and reducing conditions. Schäfersee-Verfahren® is used here to stabilise these processes in a targeted way.

Project profile
Location: Goslar
Water bodies: Kahnteich and Judenteiche
Setting: historic old town / UNESCO World Heritage city
Problem: putrefaction processes, odour formation
Status: ongoing operation
Control: online sensors, remote control

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